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Atlas supply c os primer11/14/2023 ![]() ![]() Transverse foramina: contains the vertebral arteriesĪnterior tubercle: sometimes present on the anterior aspect of the transverse processĪtlanto-occipital joint: hyaline-covered synovial joint between the occipital condyle and concave facet of the lateral mass of the atlas. Longer than all of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae except C7 Medial surface: marked by vascular foramina and a tubercle for the attachment of the transverse ligament Inferior articular facet: circular, with a flat or slightly concave surface articulating with the lateral atlantoaxial joint Superior articular facet: kidney-shaped, concave and articulates with the occipital bone Inferior border: attachment for the posterior atlanto-axial membrane Superior border: attachment for the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane Superior surface: contains paired grooves for the C1 nerve and vertebral artery, sits just posterior to the lateral mass Posterior tubercle: sits on the posterior aspect of the posterior arch, is a rudimentary spinous process and attachment site for the ligamentum nuchae Lower border: attachment of the anterior atlanto-axial membrane and lateral parts of the anterior longitudinal ligament Upper border: attachment of the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane and lateral parts of the anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior facet for the dens: sits on the posterior aspect of the anterior arch The posterior 2/3 contains the spinal cord, which occupies 1/3 of the total vertebral canal space.Īnterior tubercle: sits on the anterior aspect of the anterior arch and is the site of attachment of the anterior longitudinal ligament The anterior 1/3 is occupied by the dens. The transverse ligament holds the dens of the axis against the anterior arch of the atlas and divides its vertebral canal into two parts. It does not have a vertebral body, instead the dens of the axis sit where a centrum (body) of a typical vertebra would be. doi:10.1227/NEU.The atlas is composed of an anterior arch and a posterior arch, paired lateral masses, and paired transverse processes. The contribution of Carlo Giacomini (1840-1898): the limbus Giacomini and beyond. ![]() The craniocervical junction: embryology, anatomy, biomechanics and imaging in blunt trauma. Os odontoideum: etiology and surgical management. Arvin B, Fournier-Gosselin MP, Fehlings MG. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon doi:10.1148/radiographics.952 - Pubmed citation Craniovertebral junction: normal anatomy, craniometry, and congenital anomalies. doi:10.5811/westjem.20 - Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation It may be seen in association with another adjacent anatomic variant, the third condyle 6. Often discovered incidentally on its own. Orthotopic: normal position with a wide gap between C2 and os odontoideumĭystopic: displaced (dystopic os odontoideum has also been termed the "os avis" by some) 4 SubtypesĪn os odontoideum can be divided into two main types 2: The level of mobility is below the transverse band of the cruciform ligament and therefore results in abnormal mobility of the dens with respect to C2. There may be associated instability and chronic symptoms 5. It can be associated with atlantoaxial instability.Īlthough it was originally thought to be a congenital lesion due to a failure of the center of ossification of the dens to fuse with the body of C2, it may actually represent an unremembered and/or unrecognised fracture through the dens's growth plate before the age of 5 or 6. Os odontoideum (plural: ossa odontoidea) is an anatomic variant of the odontoid process of C2 and needs to be differentiated from persistent ossiculum terminale and from a type 2 odontoid fracture. ![]()
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